Sports in the 1920s depiction of the changes sports, and...

Sports in the 1920s Sports went through many changes in the time period known as the Roaring Twenties. Some sports were just starting out; others were broadening their horizons, while others were simply becoming more popular. New heroes were emerging in sports, new teams, and even new leagues. Although there were many greats in the 1920s, without a doubt, George Babe Ruth was the first and most famous out of all the heroes presented in this time. Ruth changed the whole game of baseball. Ruth was traded to the Yankees from the Red Sox on January 3, 1920 for $125,000. This was more than double the highest price paid for a player. The country had just come out of war, and the basic morale was low. Sports however, lightened the spirits†¦show more content†¦One man began to bring the game to America, Walter Hagan. In 1921 he became the first American-born professional golfer to win the PGA Championship, and a mere nine months later, he also became the first American-born professional golfer to win the British Open. Hagan was able to bring the appeal of golf to more Americans by defeating the British and bringing two Championships home. Bobby Jones alsoShow MoreRelated The History of Animation Essay5606 Words   |  23 Pagesimages to the eye, creating the illusion of motion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another low-tech animation piece of equipment was the flipbook. The flipbook was a tablet of paper with an individual drawing on each page so the viewer could flip through them. This was also popular in the 1800s. However, these devices were little more than parlor curiosities used for light entertainment. 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Discrimination against people with HIV at work Free Essays

Monday morning was the best time of the week for mike for he loved going to work which could not be said for most of his colleagues. Mike had wanted to be a system analyst all his life and though he had been working at Mercury Star for four and a half years. He came into the office with the drive, sense of excitement, enthusiasm and expectation that an 8 year old boy had when his dad took him to get his first bicycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination against people with HIV at work or any similar topic only for you Order Now His daily routine involved; getting into the office at least thirty minutes early so as to have enough time to settle in, review the previous day’s work and establish what would be his workload for the day. The first thing he did was to sit and admire the two beautiful, polished glass trophies which sat on the table on the left side of the room next to the picture of his girlfriend. These trophies were the reward for his hard earned success as he had been the firm’s employee of the year for the last two consecutive years. It was unusual for a 28 year old to have achieved that kind of success in such a short time as mike had already been promoted to a managerial post. Mike was a respected man in his work place and his employees looked up to him and some even pegged him as they guy who will be a Chief Executive Officer by the time he was 35. though he downplayed this remarks he always felt that he had the potential and after wining his second employee of the year award that became his new ambition. Within just four years he had become the one of the best system analysts in the city. Mike had his whole future planned out, how he would propose to his long time girlfriend by the end of the year, he was in the middle of negotiating a mortgage with the local bank and he was paying the last installment on his BMW M9. He even drew up a plan in which he planned to work extra so that he would be able to go into retirement by the age of 40 and set up a system analysis consultancy firm within the city (Geoffrey 23). His position in the office came with a health insurance package which until this time Mike had never used it. But on this Monday morning Mike felt different he felt like he was coming up with flu so after he reported to work he took the day off to go and see his doctor which was unusual as Mike rarely got sick. The doctor at first was not able to tell what was wrong with him so he ran some tests. When Mike came to see the doctor late in the afternoon the news that doctor gave him made him feel like his life had just been pulled right from under his feet. The words â€Å"I’m sorry Mike but you are HIV positive† keep ringing in his head. Mike did not even hear what the doctor said for next few minutes as he tried to let the news sink in. The medical cover policy had a condition that when an employee visits the firm’s doctor, he had to furnish the management with a complete report of the doctor’s examination. Mike went back to work after three days and tried to act like nothing had happened. But however much he tried he could not shake off what the doctor had told him he couldn’t and on this particular day he got to work late which had never happened. A soon as got to the office he was informed that the boss wanted to see him. When he got into his office, the boss offered him a sit and for the next fifteen minutes he went on and on how Mike was an excellent employ but what happened after that Mike would never have contemplated. The boss told him that the board had discussed on the medical report and had come to the conclusion to let him go. It was at this point that he truly felt his world come crumble and all his dreams and ambitions came tumbling down. What and end to a brilliant young man’s career. How to cite Discrimination against people with HIV at work, Essays

Investigation of Dimensionality and Development of Measures

Question: Recruitment Selection Identify how your chosen event organisation recruit and select the workforce. Explain which types of recruitment selection methods are used within your chosen event and then analyse the effectiveness and limitations of those recruitment selection methods used that you have discussed. Training Development. Identify how your chosen event organisation uses training and development. Explain which types of training development methods are used within your chosen event and then analyse the effectiveness and limitations of those training and development methods used that you have discussed. You must provide appropriate recommendations to your chosen event organisation as to how their recruitment selection practices and training development practices could be improved, and state how your chosen event organisation could benefit through considering alternative methods of training development. Your answer should use appropriate HRM theories and models to support your discussion. Self-Reflective Log Provide an appropriate self-reflective log to describe and critically analyse your own ideologies of effective human resource management practices. Identify your potential strengths as an HR consultant in the events sector and based on your findings in your report, discuss your views on what areas you may have focus on to to develop your HR skills. Answer: Introduction For every organization, managing of human resource is one of the most important parts. For event management teams, they mostly rely on human resources. The audience is to be engaged time to time and entertainment must be guaranteed. Thus certain candidates are to be recruited who have the best communicative skills as well as the presence of minds. RedChillis is one of the major event management team in Europe that deals with award ceremonies. In this report method and types, recruitment and selection of RedChillis are studying. Advantages, limitations, and recommendations are also studied. Training and development of RedChillis and considerable recommendations are further studied in this report. Method of workforce recruitment and selection The method of recruitment and selection that RedChillis Event Management Team follows consists of both internal and external recruitment. Internal Recruitment- for an internal recruitment, the team follows certain methods that are confined inside the team. Such recruitment consists of: 1) Internal advertisements 2) Word of Mouth 3) Promotions 4) Internal Employee Referrals 5) Retired Employees for temporary or contract positions 6) Present temporary/contract employees to permanent positions 7) Former employees for part time/freelancer. Such kind of internal recruitment helps in following ways: 1) No cost and less time-consuming 2) No need of training 3) Builds strong relationship with employees 4) Motivates others of hard work to get high positions. 5) Easy to pick best talents within an organization very quickly 6) Long stay with the team when promoted for a higher position. External recruitment- this kind of recruitment is done by several networks, job portals, and agencies. The recruitment consists of: 1) Candidate portals 2) Referrals from external and internal employees 3) Agencies and consultancies 4) Advertisements from websites and newspaper 5) Recruitments from campus 6) Other walk-in interviews Such kind of internal recruitment helps in following ways: 1) Opportunities for external employees are created 2) Most efficient candidates can be hired 3) Minimization of employees cost can be ensured 4) Ratio of selection of employee can be increased 5) Chances of partiality can be reduced 6) Uniqueness of the employees who have previously worked in different teams can be accompanied 7) Skilled employee can be hired Types of recruitment and selection method RedChiilis event management team is one of the biggest organizations in the award ceremony process. Thus, it maintains the most sophisticated recruitment procedure. The recruitment process that RedChillis ensures follows the following: Selection procedure that RedChillis follows is below: Advantages and Limitations According to Haines and Sumner (2013), recruitment and selection procedure of event management team deals with certain candidates who are presentable in a unique way. Such candidates are hired from all backgrounds and society. Those candidates who have a cultural background are preferred more than candidates who have great academic grades. This is contradicted by Jaeger and Mykletun (2013). He believes candidates for event management team must be from both cultural and technical background that has good grades. Workforce profile is not confined to one particular field today. Candidates are to be an expert in all fields. According to Kraiger (2014), a selection procedure is mostly carried out in consideration to those candidates who are having previous experiences in award ceremony field. This helps the organization to develop better. Experienced candidates can manage faster in the better convenient way. This has been contradicted by Lancaster and Di Milia (2014), that fresher are having more potential today than the experienced. This is because, learning procedure of Universities are today much based on practicality. Candidates are to be given opportunities to work with reputed organizations to enhance their career. According to Li (2013), selecting candidates for event management, must not include any written test. RedChillis follows written test. He believes group discussion process needs to be incorporated in the selection procedure. This will help in understanding the potentiality of candidates. Candidates who have the better verbal ability are to be given preference. This has been contradicted by Lyons, (2010), that most of the candidates who are found to have good communicative skills lack in practical knowledge. Thus, written tests are too much essential for the selection procedure. Methods of training and development Training and development methods include the following Employee Handbook- this handbook is the document that describes the organization that contains employment conditions (Eisele et al., 2013). The policies such as work hours, benefits and time off are listed here. Administrative procedures like travel expenses and timesheets are given here. Job Training- on the job training for an individual to increase his skills and knowledge in his performance is given. This includes handling of machines and audiences. Purposes related to accidents, wastes and performance efficiencies are described here (Garca-Izquierdo, Derous and Searle, 2013). Safety training- instructions related to safety devices and its consciousness are involved here. Promotional training- existing employees are trained here for the performance of higher level jobs. Existing employees who are having potential are selected for promotion. Types of training and development The training method that RedChillis follows is given below: Candidate development process includes the following process: Advantages and limitations According to Lockstone-Binney and Junek (2013), the motivation for an employee is much needed for enhancing his performance. Especially the candidates who are fresher in event management team are to be given more interest. They have the most potential to work. Enthusiasm is at the peak for fresher. Potentiality has to be confronted with motivation to achieve the best outcome. This has been contradicted by Rahman and Nas (2013), that fresh candidates are much prone to be inefficient. The training process for them must continue for more than six months. On the job, assistance needs to be done after six months. Candidates need to understand their performance standards, functional requirements, and performance competencies before they are put in the field. According to Strohmeier (2013), testing, appraisal, training, rotating monitoring and coaching are the main parts of the development framework. RedChillis follows all these factors in their training and development. This is contradicted by Turchick Hakak and Al Ariss (2013), that training development process must start from the field. In case of event management, candidates can get the main knowledge from the practical field. Most of the performance is related to the presentation of the candidate. Good communicative skill, presence of mind, handling of machines and charismatic personality are the factors that are to be enhanced for the candidates at the time of training. According to Wakelin (2013), delivery mode, budget and delivery style in the training process are much important for a candidate. This gives them the taste of their position. Staffing of candidates at the time of training is to be done according to their skills that are measured by the coach. This is contradicted by Wise (2014); that budget factor must not be included in training. Even staffing process needs to be done quite earlier then the training process starts. This will give the candidates the feelings of their position. Recruitment and selection recommendation RedChillis recruitment and selection procedure needs to be changed. Though it has the best process but it must follow the below: Single recruitment specification- all the candidates are to be recruited for one particular profile for event management team. At the time of training, evaluation of candidates is to be done to provide them at suitable fields. Identification of suitable candidates- best candidates are to be hired. The interviewer must understand the potentiality of candidate that should be irrespective of experience (Yawson, 2011). Fresh candidates are to be given a chance. Shortlist- candidates who fail in the written test must be allowed for next rounds. Event management team does not require candidates who are having higher grades. Review- candidates are to be treated by their proficiency in group discussion round. Best communicative skills are found in GD rounds. Training and Development Recommendation RedChillis training and development procedure needs to be changed. Though it has the best process still it need to follow below: Knowledge skills and attitudes- training session is to be done in accordance to the identification of skills, attitudes, and knowledge of candidates (Brinsfield, 2012). At the time of selection, all the candidates were taken. Now at the time of training, candidates are to be staffed. This will give the feeling of the position. This will motivate them to deliver better performance. Content Development- candidates, are to be developed according to staffing. Introductory speeches at the award ceremony, audience engagement, quality communication, etc. are the various fields of content. Candidates are to be developed according to that. Charismatic personality for audience engagement is to be ensured at training. Developing competency- motivating employees is to ensure that will generate the level of competencies. A healthy competition will give rise to better productivity that will ensure the higher promotion of existing candidates. Conclusion RedChillis event management team is working well in Europe. It has developed its human resource quite efficient within years. But it is found that retention of employees is not carried out. Most of the employees are found to work not more than one year. Candidates get a better job in media oriented sectors that provide them better security and salary. Thus, RedChillis need to look after employee retention. Promotional and incentives part needs to be upgraded by RedChillis so that employees are attracted to continue year after year. For effective human resource management the following points I prefer to be considered: Workforce Demographics- for every organization, I believe, candidates from all the trends and culture are to be included. This will help in the better coordination of the members in a team. Ideas from different aspects will be entertained hat will have a positive outcome on the organization to develop unique strategies. I also believe that such diversified demographics may lead to conflict among individuals as ones sentiment can be hurt by other. What one feels right may not be appreciated by other. Economic conditions- I believe organizations must understand their present economic condition. If the financial condition is understood, it will lead in hiring the best human resources. Future strategies will be taken care of and in accordance to that experienced executives are to be hired to mitigate the negative outcomes. I also believe that if organizations try to change strategies after negative outcomes arise, then it will be too late to retain in competition. Technological advancement- I believe organizations need to deal with technologies that are in the present trend. This will help in coordination with different aspects of the society. With latest technologies, new and fresh candidates will get attracted to the concerned organization. I also believe that latest technologies are not entertaining experts. Experts are accustomed to traditional methods and are not found to be productive with the latest technology. Potential strengths My potential strengths for being an HR consultant in event management sector are as follows: Organization Time management Problem solving Communication Multi-tasking Decision making Technology appreciation Analysis of potential strengths I as an HR consultant found time management, multitasking, and technology appreciation quite helpful. Management of time in the interview process was quite effective. Selection procedure that the organization follows is quite fast as the whole process is done in one day. The multitasking process is also much effective. Technological appreciation is up to the level. As it is event management sector, it needs to have total coordination with all the musical instruments relating audio and video. All the technological aspects are fulfilled. I found that problem solving nature needed to be improved. As an HR consultant, I need to be patient and strong. Critical situation problems are quite adverse. I need to coordinate with others to confront the associated problems related to the human resource. As the event sector consists of people from different cultural backgrounds, it is quite obvious that the members will result in conflict. Thus, my problem solving nature needs to be improved. My Communication procedure is not so much effective. Employees had several problems related to the entertainment field that they needed more devices related to synchronization. I behave negatively at these situations as financial parts are also to be taken care of. I will not be given more financial assistance from the higher department, and so employees need to do whatever they can at the field. Reference List Brinsfield, C. (2012). Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), pp.671-697. Eisele, L., Grohnert, T., Beausaert, S. and Segers, M. (2013). Employee motivation for personal development plan effectiveness. Euro J of Training and Dev, 37(6), pp.527-543. Garca-Izquierdo, A., Derous, E. and Searle, R. (2013). Recruitment and Selection in Europe: One step beyond. Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 29(1), pp.1-2. Haines, E. and Sumner, K. (2013). Digging deeper or piling it higher? Implicit measurement in organizational behavior and human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 23(3), pp.229-241. Jaeger, K. and Mykletun, R. (2013). Festivals, Identities, and Belonging. Event Management, 17(3), pp.213-226. Kraiger, K. (2014). Looking Back and Looking Forward: Trends in Training and Development Research. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(4), pp.401-408. Lancaster, S. and Di Milia, L. (2014). Organisational support for employee learning. Euro J of Training and Dev, 38(7), pp.642-657. Li, S. (2013). Large Sporting Events and Economic Growth: Evidence from Economic Consequences of Event Infrastructure and Venues. Event Management, 17(4), pp.425-438. Lockstone-Binney, L. and Junek, M. (2013). Emerging knowledge and innovation in event management. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 4(3). Lyons, P. (2010). A robust approach to employee skill and knowledge development. Industrial and Commercial Training, 37(1), pp.3-9. Rahman, W. and Nas, Z. (2013). Employee development and turnover intention: theory validation. Euro J of Training and Dev, 37(6), pp.564-579. Strohmeier, S. (2013). Employee relationship management Realizing competitive advantage through information technology?. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.93-104. Turchick Hakak, L. and Al Ariss, A. (2013). Vulnerable work and international migrants: a relational human resource management perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(22), pp.4116-4131. Wakelin, D. (2013). What Motivates Students to Volunteer at Events?. Event Management, 17(1), pp.63-75. Wise, J. (2014). Leveraging Employee Development Planning (EDP) for performance advantage. Industrial and Commercial Training, 46(4), pp.194-200. Yawson, R. (2011). Historical Antecedents as Precedents for Nanotechnology Vocational Education Training and Workforce Development. Human Resource Development Review, 10(4), pp.417-430.

Mp3s Friend Or Foe Essays - File Sharing, Digital Audio

Mp3's: Friend Or Foe? MP3's: Friend or Foe? Are MP3's a breakthrough in technology or are they just another bomb waiting to explode on us? Many people say they are good, while others say they are not just bad, but horrifying to musicians that want to make it to the top. MP3's are widely used by teenagers on their computers usually illegally, and their distributors are constantly being threatened by the producers of the music. Millions of dollars are being lost due to the Internet craze of the MP3 technology. This is mainly because fewer people are buying the legal music from record stores. Now that the problem is here, Internet police are on the loose to find these illegal distributors of music and put them to a stop. MP3's are highly compressed, CD-quality, sound files. The MP3 has become the most commonly used unofficial file format, which is downloadable from the Internet. The only requirement you need to play an MP3 is a program like Winamp (found at www.winamp.com) or Microsoft Windows Media Player. The Internet allows users to download songs (in MP3 format) in a matter of minutes without paying any money. This compressed MP3 technology is popping up everywhere on the Internet. There is almost no music site that you can go to where an MP3 of some sort is not being offered. All you have to do is login and download. MP3's are breaking copyright laws and are a part of online piracy. Online piracy is playing, or downloading, songs and lyrics without authorization and without paying tribute to the artists, on the Internet. Downloading even one song without permission is considered online piracy. When people download MP3's from the Internet, they choose to ignore the copyright laws because the disclaimers are all written in font sizes under 10pts at the bottom of the page. If people stop going to the site, the site stops making money. All things that might make the user leave the site are hidden. The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) has two copyrights that apply to MP3's. 1. Copyright in musical work Lyrics and musical notes as they're written on paper. The songwriter or music publisher typically owns this copyright. 2. Copyright in the sound recording Which is a recording of a performer singing or playing the particular song. The record company usually owns this copyright. Therefore, the only legal way to copy, download, and upload an MP3 is to get permission, from the artist, which every user either forgets to do, or doesn't even bother. This is the primary cause for the war of legal rights that goes on today, because free is good right? Wrong! Having free MP3's on the Internet creates a problem. The problem is that millions and millions of dollars are lost everyday to all of the musicians that make the music possible. The Canadian Recording Industry Association reported that there are around 80,000 infringing MP3 sites on the Internet and each one is carrying around 300 or more recordings each. That means that there are around 24 million songs that are illegally on the Internet. Major money is being lost here. The RIAA also calculated that there are 120 million downloads from MP3 sites weekly and climbing, representing an annual loss of $5 billion (US) to the recording industry and around $1 million a day in the United States alone. The recording industry is going crazy trying to fix this problem. Brian Robertson, president of the Canadian Recording Industry Association spoke at a conference and said ?There are tens of thousands of sound recordings that are basically sitting around in a virtual record store with the door wide open and everyone is helping themselves? and concluded by saying ?Everyone using MP3's feels they have the inalienable right to use the product?. Because of an increase in hard drive capacity, users cannot only trade individual songs, but full albums too. This makes matters even worse because people just get what is called a CD-Burner and writes the MP3's onto a CD so they can now listen to MP3's on any audio CD player. People could also get what is called an MP3 player. An MP3 player is a small portable device that stores and plays MP3's. An

P.T.S.D. The Cause and Cure

P.T.S.D. The Cause and Cure Gamez 1David GamezMarch 4, 2014ENG 354Short EssayP.T.S.D.-Cause and CurePosttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder, which may occur after an individual has undergone extreme emotional trauma that involved the threat of injury or death. The cause is unmistakable. For those individuals of Jewish decent in Europe during the early to mid 20th century, the Holocaust was deemed the leading source for PTSD. In a world full of pain and suffering, torture, rape, malnutrition, disease, filth, death-in a world full of darkness, it becomes extremely arduous to distance oneself from an inescapable reality. The trauma left many silent, some by death, others because they felt language had betrayed them. Language simply seemed insufficient to express the horrors the victims experienced while encompassed in "darkness". What words could possibly describe the reality of the experiences? Words themselves became suspected, doubted. For many, silence overcame their story, and they took it to the ir grave.Regions of the brain affected by PTSD and stress.This was not the case for the old woman in And The Rat Laughed. In Nava Semel's, And The Rat Laughed, the old woman successively alleviates the pain from her traumatic reality by resorting to the art of story telling.The cure, according to psychiatrists, is psychotherapy, or "talk" therapy. The kind of psychotherapy seen in And The Rat Laughed is exposure therapy, and it involves using mental imagery, writing and/or revisiting the event where the trauma occurred in order to reduce the fear associated with the trauma.After a long life of silence, the old woman struggles to contain the pain, and against much resistance (supplied by her own will), she acquiesces to a request from her granddaughter asking her to recount the truth of her survival story. However, the storytelling does not begin instantaneously. The first page of the novel...

Analysis Of Bmw In Uk Market Economics Essay

Analysis Of Bmw In Uk Market Economics Essay Choose a company based in UK or another EU country, use micro and macro data to analyze the company and give recommendations based on previous analysis â€Å"This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own. All external references and sources are clearly acknowledged and identified within the contents. I am aware of the University of Warwick regulation concerning plagiarism and collusion. No substantial part(s) of the work submitted here has also been submitted by me in other assessments for accredited courses of study, and I acknowledge that if this has been done an appropriate reduction in the mark I might otherwise have received will be made. Analysis of BMW in UK market 2007-2009 Introduction Headquartered in Munich, Germany, BMW Group is one of the leading auto manufacturers in the world. With three of the strongest premium brands in the car industry —BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, BMW targets at the high-end market. BMW (UK) is a subsidiary of BMW Group. Being t he third largest market for BMW Group worldwide, UK is the only country where all the three premium brands are presented (BMW UK Fact Sheet 2009). This essay intends to use micro and macro tools to analyze BMW’s sales volumes in UK from 2007 to Q3 2009, and to find out dominating factors accounting for changes in the company’s performance. Microeconomics Investigation mainly focuses on the influence of three determinants of demand. Macroeconomics Investigation selects five variables—GDP growth, VAT, interest rate, CPI inflation and average earnings for analysis, and also predicts BMW’s performance in the near future based on the tendency of macroeconomics environment. Finally, the essay gives three suggestions that the company can consider. Data in this essay is from BMW’s quarterly reports and Annual reports, UK Office for National Statistics, SMMT (The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders), fuel reports released by AA Public Affair and Infl ation Report issued by Bank of England. In addition, in order to provide updated information, references in this essay are mainly from authoritative newspaper and press, such as The Times, The Sunday Time and Times Online. I Sales Review Figure 1. BMW UK quarterly sales volume (Source: BMW Quarterly Reports and Annual Report 2007, 2008) Between 2007 and 2009, BMW has experienced great changes in sales volumes in UK market. From the graph, we can see that sales volume rose steadily in the first three quarters of 2007. However, it fluctuated and stood at 44,770 units in Q2 2008. Then a slump followed and sales volume reached a trough of 23,982 units at the end of 2008. Finally, the first three quarters in 2009 witnessed a recovery of sales volumes, which stayed at 39,039 units by the end of Q3 2009. Now, we’d like to analyze the reasons behind the changes in BMW’s sales volumes in UK based on the micro and macro investigation. II Microeconomics Investigation Determinants of demands played an important role in sales volumes. There are three determinants as follows: Price Elasticity According to John Sloman and Mark Sutcliffe (2004), determinants of price elasticity of demand are number and closeness of substitute goods and the proportion of income spent on the good.

How the trp operon works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the trp operon works - Essay Example The operon contains five types of structural genes: Trp A; Trp B; Trp C; Trp D; and Trp E with specific codes and synthesizing properties. The Trp operon regulates its own production through ‘negative feedback loop’ that promotes repressive affect resulting in non transfer of certain genetic expressions or codes (Oxender et. Al., 1979). Another important feature of Trp operon is that it has got attenuators and leader peptides comprising of nearly 140 nucleotides that help to dissociate RNA decoding from the DNA encoding and thereby repress the process of transcription. Thus their property of gene regulation becomes the most critical factor to study the highly complex process of hereditary characteristics and genetic behavioral pattern in living organisms. When it is liberated in the operator, the transcription is made possible and promotes genetic transfer of characteristics. Oxender, D. L., et al. (1979). Attenuation in the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon: Role of RNA secondary structure involving the tryptophan codon region. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 76,